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Pepin or Pippin (714 - 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as ... Bavaria and installed Tassilo III as duke under Frankish overlordship. ...
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Pippin III - Pippin the Short - First Carolingian King
Pippin III, known as Pippin the Short, was the son of Charles Martel, the father of Charlemagne, and the first Carolingian ruler of the Franks to be anointed as King.
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Pippin III (born c. 714 - died Sept. 24, 768, Saint-Denix, Neustria) King of the Franks (751 - 768), the first king of the Carolingian
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Pépin le Bref Also spelled Peppin or Pipin, Pepin's name can be very confusing. Historically, historians have vacillated between preference for Pepin, derived from the French Pépin, and the German Pippin. His nickname is often misunderstood. His nickname the Younger refers to the fact that he was the younger of the two Arnulfing Pepins who ruled as mayors of the palace. (714 – September 24, 768), often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, was the King of the Franks from 751 to 768 and is best known for being the father of Charlemagne, or Charles the Great.

He was born in 714 in Jupille, close to the city of Liège (city), in what is today Belgium, where the Carolingian dynasty originated. That territory was then a part of the kingdom of Austrasia. His father was Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and his mother was Chrotrud (a.k.a. Rotrude of Treves) (690-724).

Assumption of power On the death of Pepin's father, Charles Martel, in 741, power was passed down to Charles' legitimate sons, Carloman, son of Charles Martel and Pepin as mayors of the palaces of Neustria and Austrasia respectively. Power may also have been intended for Charles' illegitimate son, Grifo, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, who by all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747. This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin of Heristal.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps Francorum were the commanders of the armies of the Kingdom, in addition to their administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Martel had begun maintaining year-around since Toulouse in 721.

Upon their assumption, Pepin and Carloman, who had not proved themselves in battle in defense of the realm as their father had, installed the Merovingian Childeric III as king, even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV. Childeric had the title of king, but he was a puppet. As time passed, and his brother bowed out of the picture, Pepin became discontent with the presence of any royal power but himself.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Odilo was forced by Pepin to acknowledge Frankish overlordship, but died soon after (January 18 748). Pepin invaded Bavaria and installed Tassilo III as duke under Frankish overlordship.

First Carolingian King Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he decided it was time to do what his father had never bothered to do, make the Carolingian name royal in law as well as fact. Pepin asked Pope Zachary who should be the royal ruler: the person with the title of King, or the person who makes the decisions as King. Since the Pope depended on the Frankish armies for his independence, and had depended on them for protection from the Lombards since the days of Charles Martel, and Pepin, as his father had, controlled those armies, the Pope's answer was determined well in advance. The Pope agreed that the de facto power was more important than the de jure power. Thus, Pepin, having obtained the support of the papacy, discouraged opposition to his house. He was elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men (it must be noted he had a large portion of his army on hand, in the event that the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal Bull) and anointed at Soissons, perhaps by Saint Boniface, who, along with his niece, Leoba, was a court advisor. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean de Maurienne in 753.

Childeric III was deposed, his hair was shaved off and he was confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingian.

Expansion of the Frankish realm Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charlemagne (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman, son of Pippin III.

Pepin's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had a policy of expansion into the duchy of Rome, as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church and confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded. In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Gaul with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom. In taking Narbonne, and formally annexing Aquitaine (whose status was always dependent on the strength of her suzerains), he completed the work of his father save for one last task: fully subduing the Saxons. He was preparing for war against them when his health began to fail, and thus, this final task was left for his son, the great Charlemagne.

Legacy Pepin died at Saint Denis in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada of Laon. Pepin was buried "outside that entrance (of St. Denis basilica), face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel". Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime. He not only maintained his father's policy of containing the Moors, he drove them over and across the Pyrenees with the capture of Narbonne. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe. His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. It can certainly be argued that Pepin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. He certainly made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto—the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. While not known as a great general, he was undefeated during his lifetime.

Family In 740, Pepin married Bertrada of Laon, his second cousin. Her father, Caribert of Laon, was the son of Pepin of Herstal brother, Martin of Laon. Of their children, two sons and a daughter survived to adulthood.

• Charlemagne (April 2 742 – January 28 814), (Charles the Great)
• Carloman, son of Pippin III (751 – December 4 771)
• Gisela (757 – 810)

Ancestors {{Ahnentafel-compact5|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;|border=1|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;|1= Pepin the Short|3= [Rotrude of Trier|5= [Alpaida|7= Daughter of Chrodobertus II|8= [Ansegisel|12= Warinus, Count of Poitiers|13= Kunza of Metz|14= Chrodobertus II|16= [Arnulf of Metz|19= [Itta|26= Clodoule, Bishop of Metz|36= Carloman-->

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See also

• Franks (main history of Frankish kingdoms)
• List of Frankish Kings
• Carolingians
• Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
• The Carolingians from FMG.ac

References

Pepin the Short - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, [1] was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and ...

Carloman I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Redirected from Carloman, son of Pippin III) ... Carloman I (28 June 751 – December 4, 771) was the king of the Franks from 768 until his ...

Pippin III definition of Pippin III in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
Pippin III or Pepin or Pippin the Short (born c. 714—died Sept. 24, 768, Saint-Denix, Neustria) King of the Franks (751–768), the first king of the Carolingian dynasty and the ...

Pippin definition of Pippin in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
A multimedia game and Internet machine from Apple that used the PowerPC ... Pippi, Giulio Pippin Pippin III Pippin, Horace pipsissewa Piqua piquet PIR Piracicaba

Pippin III - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Pippin III
Pepin the Short (c. 714-c. 768) King of the Franks from 751. The son of Charles Martel, he acted as Mayor of the Palace to the last Merovingian king, Childeric III, deposed him and ...

Pippin - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Pippin
Village in Pepin County, western Wisconsin, USA, on the Mississippi River and Lake ... Pippin III Pippin III Pippin III Pippin III Pippin III the Short Pippin III the Short

Pippin III - definition of Pippin III by the Free Online Dictionary ...
Noun: 1. Pepin - king of the Franks and father of Charlemagne who defended papal interests and founded the Carolingian dynasty in 751 (714-768)

Pippin III
Pippin III. Pippin III (714 - 768) more often known as Pippin the Short (French, Pépin le Bref; German, Pippin der Kleine), was King of the Franks from 751 - 768.

Medieval Church.org.uk: Pepin (Pippin III) (714-68)
Medieval Church.org.uk: An Internet Resource for Studying the Church in the Middles Ages ... Annals of Lorsch: The Pope Makes the Carolingians Kings (Medieval Sourcebook

Pippin III - Pippin the Short - First Carolingian King
Pippin III, known as Pippin the Short, was the son of Charles Martel, the father of Charlemagne, and the first Carolingian ruler of the Franks to be anointed as King.